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Lots of other Scientologist-run organizations and organizations belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies using Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE needs those who want to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated company is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This area needs growth. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to assist in the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the form of effective or respected individuals. Perth Scientology. Though it has obtained some reliability as a faith in many nations, Scientology has likewise been referred to as both a cult and a commercial enterprise.

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For instance, it has been noted to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of presence" might be viewed as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued wikipedia reference in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in an internet poll run by the governmental transition group soliciting public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a business business, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent to the US. The word Scientology (and numerous related terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on people and groups who attempt to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain elements of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office visit homepage (later relabelled the Workplace of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated one of the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by an organization not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No individual or organization was devoid of their look at this web-site despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past made usage of aggressive tactics in resolving those it views as attempting to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially outlined by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was found at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.